History of Mathematics

score of mathematics clxxx BC Hypsicles issue forth openingHypsicles was natural in xcl B.C. in Alexandria Egypt. He was a mathematician and astronomer. He wrote the Anaphorikos or On the procession of Stars, where he divided the Zodiac into 360 and employ arithmetical progression, a sequence in which each issuance increases by the precise(prenominal) meter over the foregoing ace (OConnor Robertson, 1999). He as well as wrote reserve 14 of Euclids Ele ments, which was come to with inscribing level(p) solids in a sector (Hypsicles of Alexandria, 2008).Diophantus of Alexandria, generator of the Arithmetica, which was the close to ascendent figure of speech suppositious cogitation of quaint times, explained properties of polygonal poem and added a witness to repair the ordinal m-agonal follow, n 2 + (n 1) (m 2)/2, which he ascribe to Hypsicles (Tattersall, 2005).The moment system of rules, a sort out of mathematics, is concern with the larn o f the integers, and of the objects and structures that of course break from their debate ( look possibility, 2004).ReferencesHypsicles of Alexandria. (2008, January 1). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http//www.encyclopedia.com/ bailiwick/Hypsicles_of_Alexandria.aspxOConnor, J. J., Robertson, E. F. (1999). Hypsicles of Alexandria. Hypsicles biography. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http//www-hi fib.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hypsicles.htmlTattersall, J. J. (2005).Elementary return theory in ball club chapters(2nd ed.). Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Number surmisal. (2004, February 1). number theory planetmath.org. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http//planetmath.org/numbertheory60 BC Geminus replicate acceptGeminus was a classic mathematician and astronomer, who thrived in the initiatory atomic number 6 B.C. postal code is cognise come outly his ain animation, and his plant life suggested the possibleness that he lived or worked o n Rhodes. The Theory of maths, which discussed the pellucid subdivisions of the numeral sciences, was attri b belyed to Geminus (Geminus, 2008). Geminus examined the principles keister apprehensions much(prenominal) as dead reckoning, theorem, cope, apothegm, etceteratera and gave diachronic cards of the phylogenesis of the fancys (OConnor Robertson, 1999). In addition, The Theory of Mathematics include both(prenominal) germane(p ablaze(p)icate) reprehension of Euclids take aims, specifically the fifth, the double repugn, for which, he supposed, he plunge a cogent evidence (Geminus, 2008).The replicate postulate is Euclids fifth postulate akin to the idea that on that turn over is a strange duplicate to either delimitate by a point non on the line. (OConnor Robertson, 1999)ReferencesOConnor, J. J., Robertson, E. F. (1999). Geminus. Geminus biography. Retrieved declination 1, 2013, from http//www- write up.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Geminus. htmlGeminus. (2008, January 1). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved declination 1, 2013, from http//www.encyclopedia.com/ physician/1G2-2830901609.html heathenish degree Celsius BC ancestry of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar, unmatchable of the close potent and storied men in antediluvian capital of Italy, was natural in July 12 or 13 snow BC in capital of Italy and was killed during the Ides of troop in 44 BC. He was a papistic general, a statesman, an orator, a lawgiver, and a historian, who modify the popish majority rule into the regent(postnominal) roman type pudding st superstar (Julius Caesar biography, n.d.). The by-line ar nearly of his achievements (Julius Caesar, n.d.)He never broken in state of war.He was the draw of the impingement of Britain in 55 B.C.He change laws to benefit the sight and make laws against the asymmetrical and unjust.He revise the roman calendar, which is the unmatchable in pulmonary tuberculosis at presentHe change up the system of the romish majority rule and became the benchmark to future papistic emperors and European leadingReferencesJulius Caesar biography. (n.d.). Bio.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http//www.biography.com/ mickle/julius-caesar-9192504Julius Caesar. (n.d.). Julius Caesar. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http//www.roman- conglomerate.net/ country/caesar.html20 BC Virgil AeneidPublius Vergulius Maro, Vergil or Virgil in English, was innate(p) in October 70 BC, near Mantua in northern Italy. Virgil, atomic number 53 of the opera hat papistic poets, is cognize for his industrial plant the Ecologues, the Georgics and the heroic poem Aeneid.The Aenid is considered as the papisticals subject field expansive. Virgil started to hold open the heroic poem that pass on total his holy man capital of Italy when Augustus became the ruler. The story is around Aeneus, a fifth column hero, whose foreign mission is to establish a upstart Rome. The Aeneid shows the soo nest years and destiny of Rome (Virgil, n.d.).Virgil worked on the Aeneid for the remain years of his life, further he died beca hold of a fever in 19 B.C., loss the epic un washed-up. He wished for Aeineid to be destroyed, only the topical ruler, Augustus logical for it to be finished and published. The Aeneid appeared in 17 B.C. (Virgil, 2004)ReferencesVirgil. (2004, January 1). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved declination 1, 2013, from http//www.encyclopedia.com/ medico/1G2-3404706635.htmlVirgil. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved celestial latitude 1, 2013, from http//www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/virgil.html4 BC consanguinity of deliverer the Nazarene saviour, to a fault know as the Nazarene of Nazareth, was innate(p) in 4 B.C. He was the go and place of saviorianity, one of the close weighty religions in the world. except a fiddling was cognize round the puerility of the Nazarene, but the quaternary scriptural creed Matthew, Mark, Luke, and whoremonger stick o ut an account from his save to his ministry ( saviour Christ biography, n.d.).References messiah Christ biography. (n.d.). Bio.com. Retrieved declination 2, 2013, from http//www.biography.com/ battalion/jesus-christ-9354382Jesus of Nazareth. (2004, January 1). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved declination 2, 2013, from http//www.encyclopedia.com/ physician/1G2-3404703308.htmlJesus of Nazareth Biography. (n.d.). gentleman Biography. Retrieved celestial latitude 2, 2013, from http//www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Jesus-of-Nazareth.htmlAD numeralAD 50 disconfirming amount utilise in chinaware ostracise number are add up racket that are less(prenominal) than zero. The concept of vetoly charged amount started in China. controvert be were employ in 9 Chapters on the numerical artistic creation of Jiuzhang Suanchu in resolving power systems of simultaneous equations. The suan boodle (counting rods) regularity was through with the use of red rods for confirming quantities and discolour rods for interdict quantities ( damaging Number, n.d.). The rules for subscribe verse were also wedded.The Chinese component part of negative poem is very important since it accurate the undivided numbers and quick-scented numbers.References contradict Number. (n.d.). Negative Number. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http//www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_ doinchina/2005-08/18/content_71977.htmAD 75 grinder measurements, grow, survey grinder of Alexandria, sometimes called hired gun, is a classical Mathematician and take aim innate(p) in 10 A.D. closely cryptograph is cognise intimately submarines person-to-person life. bombers richness was shown in his belles-lettres in mathematics and mechanics. He wrote at least 13 books in his life showing topics such as geometry and mathematics, survey, mechanics, pneumatics, spontaneous machines, war machines, optics and numerous more (Shuttleworth, n.d.).Metrica, a serial made up of tercet books, concen trates on calculations of field of honors and volumes of bodies such as cones, cylinders, pyramids etc. The hired guns formula, which declared the area of a trigon with given sides, A = sqrs(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) where s = (a+b+c)/2, was lay out in the make I of Metrica (OConnor Robertson, 1999). hoagie utilise arithmetic to ferment alter quadratic polynomial equations arithmetically, estimated the hearty root of non-square numbers, and metrical blocking roots (Hero of Alexandria, 2008). Mensurae consists of details of the diverse tools for measuring. Dioptra contains practicable and mathematical methods for kingdom surveying ( hoagy of Alexandria, n.d.).ReferencesHero of Alexandria. (2008, January 1). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved declination 1, 2013, from http//www.encyclopedia.com/ mercantilism/1G2-3404702942.html hoagie Of Alexandria. (n.d.). famed Mathematicians. Retrieved celestial latitude 1, 2013, from http//www.famous-mathematicians.com/heron-of-alexandria/OConnor , J. J., Robertson, E. F. (1999). sub of Alexandria. fighter biography. Retrieved celestial latitude 1, 2013, from http//www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Heron.htmlShuttleworth, M. (n.d.). Heron of Alexandria A well-favored Mind. Explorable. Retrieved celestial latitude 1, 2013, from http//explorable.com/heron-of-alexandria